Mehrgarh is a Neolithic civilization, between 7000 and 2500 BC. e. It was located west of the Indus River Valley, near the capital of the Kachhi district, Pakistan, on the Kachhi Plain, in Balochistan, near the Bolan Pass. This archaeological site is one of the oldest evidence of the development of agriculture, both grain and pastoral, in South Asia. According to Parpola, this culture eventually migrated to the Indus Valley and founded the Indus civilization - Early Harappa.
The inhabitants of the Mehrgarh culture were influenced by the Middle Eastern cluster of ancient agricultural formations. The age of contact and exchange of knowledge dates back to 7000 years ago. Even then, there was an exchange of skills in growing several varieties of wheat, pottery technologies, and domestic animals. It was in Mehrgarh that cattle breeding began in South India 7,000 years ago.
In the valley of the now dry river Saraswati or Ghaggar-Hakra, there existed the Hakra culture associated with the Indus culture. Bhiranna is an archaeological site located in Fatehabad district, India. Its maximum antiquity is determined to be 8-7 thousand years BC. e. and is based on the dating of charcoal found at the site.
At the site of this settlement between 3300-2800 BC. e. The Hakra culture formed and developed. It coincided in development with the Early Harappan-Indus culture. Already in the early period of its development, the culture had the skills to process copper, terracotta, carnelian, lapis lazuli and steatite. A copper bracelet, a copper arrowhead, and carnelian beads were found.